The VIX is a specific, standardised measure of implied volatility for one thing only: the S&P 500 over the next 30 days. It is calculated by the CBOE from a wide strip of S&P 500 option prices across many strikes rather than from any single option, which makes it a broad market-wide reading instead of one contract's opinion. It is quoted as an annualised percentage. So implied volatility is the general concept and the VIX is one particular, very well known instance of it.

VVIX is the implied volatility of the VIX itself, calculated from options on the VIX. If the VIX is the market's expectation of how much the S&P 500 will move, VVIX is the market's expectation of how much the VIX will move. It is a second order measure, sometimes called vol of vol. The plain English version is that VIX measures uncertainty and VVIX measures uncertainty about that uncertainty, which sounds absurd until you notice that people hedge with VIX options and those hedges have to be priced.

How do VIX, VVIX and implied volatility relate?

They nest inside each other. Implied volatility is the broad concept and applies to any option on anything, whether a single stock, oil, gold or Treasuries. The VIX is one standardised application of that concept, being 30 day implied volatility on the S&P 500. VVIX is implied volatility applied to VIX options, so it sits one level above the VIX. Any confusion usually comes from people using the word volatility for all three, when only the first is a general term and the other two are named indices with precise definitions.

What Is the Difference Between VIX, VVIX and Implied Volatility?

Q: What is implied volatility?

Implied volatility is how much movement the options market is pricing in for something over a given period, expressed as an annualised percentage. It is not observed directly. It is worked backwards out of the option price, because everything else in the pricing model is known, so whatever volatility figure makes the model produce the price people are actually paying is the implied volatility. That makes it a forecast rather than a measurement, and the important word is implied: it is what the price implies people expect, not what has happened or what will happen.

Q: What does a VIX level actually tell me?

VIX is quoted as an annualised percentage, which is not intuitive for anyone thinking day to day. The useful shortcut is to divide by 16, because there are approximately 252 trading days in a year and the square root of 252 is close to 16. A VIX of 16 therefore implies a typical daily move of roughly 1% in the S&P 500. A VIX of 32 implies roughly 2%. It is an approximation rather than a rule, but it converts an abstract index level into something you can actually picture.

Q: Why does the VIX rise when the market falls?

Two reasons that reinforce each other. Falling markets are genuinely more volatile than rising ones, since selling tends to be faster and more clustered than buying, so expected movement really does increase. And demand for protection rises exactly when people are worried, which pushes up the price of put options and therefore the implied volatility calculated from them. That is why the VIX is nicknamed the fear gauge. It is worth being precise though: the VIX measures expected movement in either direction, and it is the behaviour of markets and hedgers, not the definition, that makes it look like a fear measure.

Q: What is the difference between implied and realised volatility?

Implied volatility is what the market expects going forward, derived from option prices. Realised volatility is what actually happened, calculated from past price moves. They are frequently different, and the gap between them is itself informative. Implied tends to sit above realised on average, because option sellers require compensation for taking on risk, and that persistent gap is known as the variance risk premium. When implied is far above realised, the market is paying up for protection. When realised overtakes implied, something is happening that nobody had priced.

Q: Why does implied volatility collapse after an event?

Because the uncertainty it was pricing has been resolved. Ahead of a known event such as a CPI release, a Fed decision or a company's earnings, options carry an extra premium for the possibility of a large move on a known date. The moment the number is out, that possibility becomes a fact and the premium disappears, often within seconds. Traders call it IV crush, and it explains the common and painful experience of correctly predicting the direction of a move and still losing money on an option, because the volatility component fell faster than the direction helped. The key practical point is that this is entirely predictable, since the events are scheduled and published in advance.

Q: What makes VVIX useful?

It tells you about the demand for protection on protection. When VVIX rises sharply it usually means participants are buying VIX options, typically calls, to hedge against a spike in volatility that has not happened yet. Because that hedging often precedes the event it is hedging against, VVIX can move before the VIX does. It is a niche indicator and not something most traders need daily, but it is useful for judging whether a calm VIX reflects genuine complacency or a market that is quietly paying up for insurance underneath.

Q: How do I use volatility measures without trading options?

Three ways that need no options position at all. Use it for position sizing, since a market pricing 2% daily moves needs smaller size and wider stops than one pricing 0.7%. Use it as a regime read, because a level means little on its own and what matters is where it sits within its own recent range. And use it as a cross-check on the calendar, because elevated implied volatility with nothing scheduled means something else is being priced. Volatility is best treated as context for how you trade rather than as a signal to trade.

Helious Desk · 8 August 2026 · 7 min read

People use these three as if they mean the same thing, and they do not. One is a general concept, one is a specific index, and the third measures how much the second one moves. Sorting that out takes about two minutes, and it makes every volatility headline readable.

1. What is implied volatility?

Implied volatility is how much movement the options market is pricing in for something over a given period, expressed as an annualised percentage.

Nobody observes it directly. You work it backwards out of the option price. Everything else in a pricing model is known, so whatever volatility figure makes the model produce the price people are actually paying is the implied volatility.

That makes it a forecast rather than a measurement, and the word doing the work is implied. It is what the price says people expect, not what happened and not what will happen.

2. What is the VIX?

The VIX is a specific, standardised measure of implied volatility for one thing only: the S&P 500 over the next 30 days.

The CBOE builds it from a wide strip of S&P 500 option prices across many strikes, not from any single option. That is what makes it a broad market-wide reading instead of one contract's opinion. Like all implied volatility, it is quoted as an annualised percentage. So implied volatility is the general idea, and the VIX is one particular, very famous instance of it.

3. What is VVIX?

VVIX is the implied volatility of the VIX itself, calculated from options on the VIX.

If the VIX is the market's expectation of how much the S&P 500 will move, VVIX is the market's expectation of how much the VIX will move. It is a second order measure, usually called vol of vol.

So VIX measures uncertainty, and VVIX measures uncertainty about that uncertainty. That sounds absurd for about five seconds, until you remember that people hedge with VIX options and someone has to price them.

4. How do the three relate?

They nest inside each other. Implied volatility is the broad concept, and it applies to options on anything: a single stock, oil, gold, Treasuries. Standardise it to 30 day implied volatility on the S&P 500 and you have the VIX. Apply the same idea to options on the VIX instead and you get VVIX, sitting one level above the VIX.

Nearly all the confusion comes from calling all three volatility. Only the first is a general term. The other two are named indices with precise definitions, and each market has its own: the Nasdaq has one, so do oil, gold and Treasuries.

5. What does a VIX level actually tell me?

VIX is quoted as an annualised percentage, which is useless to anyone thinking about today. Divide it by 16. There are roughly 252 trading days in a year, the square root of 252 is close to 16, and dividing turns the annual figure into a daily one.

So a VIX of 16 implies a typical daily move of about 1% in the S&P 500. At 32 it is about 2%, and at 12 about 0.75%.

It is an approximation, not a rule. But it turns an abstract index level into something you can picture. Volatility is a standard deviation measure, the same statistical idea we use to score how large an economic surprise was.

6. Why does the VIX rise when the market falls?

Falling markets genuinely are more volatile. Selling tends to be faster and more clustered than buying, so expected movement really does increase when prices drop.

Demand for protection also rises exactly when people are worried. That bids up put options, and implied volatility is calculated from option prices, so it rises with them. The two feed each other.

That is where the fear gauge nickname comes from. It is a loose name, though, because the VIX measures expected movement in either direction. What makes it look like a fear measure is how markets and hedgers behave, not the definition.

7. Implied versus realised volatility?

Implied is what the market expects from here, backed out of option prices. Realised is what actually happened, measured from past price moves.

They are often different, and the gap between them tells you something on its own. Implied tends to sit above realised on average, because option sellers want paying for the risk they take on. That persistent gap has a name: the variance risk premium.

When implied runs far above realised, the market is paying up for protection. When realised overtakes implied, something is happening that nobody had priced. The second one is usually the more interesting.

8. Why does implied volatility collapse after an event?

Because the uncertainty it was pricing is gone.

Ahead of a known event, options carry an extra premium for the chance of a large move on a known date. That covers a CPI release, an FOMC decision or a company's earnings. The instant the number is out, the chance becomes a fact and the premium goes, often within seconds.

Traders call it IV crush. It explains a common and painful experience: you get the direction right and still lose money on the option, because the volatility component fell faster than being right helped.

This is the most useful thing in the post, and you do not have to trade options to use it, because the collapse is entirely predictable. The events are scheduled and published in advance on the economic calendar. Elevated implied volatility going into a Wednesday afternoon is not a mystery if you know the Fed is speaking. It is the same scheduled event that empties the order book, which we covered in what happens to the DOM during a news release: two markets pricing the same known moment, each in its own way.

9. What makes VVIX useful?

It tells you about demand for protection on protection.

When VVIX jumps, it usually means people are buying VIX options, mostly calls, to hedge a volatility spike that has not happened yet. That hedging tends to run ahead of the event it is guarding against, so VVIX can move before the VIX does.

It is a niche reading and not something most traders need daily. It earns its place when the VIX is quiet, because quiet can mean real complacency or it can mean a market paying up for insurance underneath, and those two look identical if you only watch the VIX.

10. How do I use this without trading options?

None of this needs an options position.

Position sizing does the most work for most people. A market pricing 2% daily moves needs smaller size and wider stops than one pricing 0.7%.

A level means little on its own. What matters is where it sits within its own recent range. And if implied volatility is elevated with nothing scheduled, something else is being priced, which is worth knowing about.

Treat volatility as context for how you trade, not a signal to trade. It tells you what kind of day the market expects. That is a different question from which way it will go, and a more reliable one.

Where the terminal fits

Helious carries an implied volatility board: the S&P through VIX, the Nasdaq, oil, gold, Treasuries, and vol of vol through VVIX. A level on its own would not tell you much, so each one is shown as a percentile of its own trailing year with a regime word attached, from calm through normal and elevated to stressed. A VIX of 20 means something quite different in a quiet year than a violent one, and a percentile answers that where a raw number cannot. We do the same to economic releases with the surprise z-score, for the same reason: you cannot read a number until you know its normal range. The board sits beside the calendar, the curve and the live news feed, for $39.99 a month with a free tier. The methodology page shows the workings.

Where to go next

Start with the economic calendar and alerts for what is scheduled.
We apply the same statistical idea to data with standard deviation scoring and the surprise z-score.
The events that create the premium have their own pages: CPI, the FOMC hub and central bank pressers.
The other market pricing the same moment is the DOM during a news release.
Volatility around results shows up in what makes a stock move on earnings.

Helious shows implied volatility across the S&P, Nasdaq, oil, gold and Treasuries as a percentile of its own trailing year, so you can tell calm from stressed at a glance, with the calendar and the curve on the same screen. $39.99 a month with a free tier. Built by traders, for traders.

This post is general information and not financial advice. Options involve substantial risk and are not suitable for everyone, and nothing here is a recommendation to trade them. VIX and VVIX are registered marks of Cboe Global Markets and this post is not affiliated with or endorsed by them.

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